Lock Stock and Barrel

Its an interesting book that i read many years back. It talks about the familiar sayings and their meanings. This reminds me that for we packaging technologists, the life is not different. If I try to explain the meaning of book from packaging technologists' point of view, its: 1. Lock: Tamper evidence 2. Stock: Material options and availabillty Chhavi Goel 3. Barrel: Its the real container where the complete packagingChhavi Goel technology is built up So here in this article, now we will try to give you more meanings about the popular words in packaging and we also expect you to add your familiar packaging sayings here for the benefit of entire packaging community.

Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)

This term implies the use of a computer and postprocessing or linking software (such as Smartcam or Mastercam) to manipulate and compile data into a machine language for a machine(s) to execute the desired function. Another definition is the use of computers to program, direct, and control production equipment.

GSM

It is an acronym standing for &#039Grams per Square Meter&#039. It allows print buyers and print suppliers to know exactly about the quality of paper that is being ordered. Two ways of expressing grammage are commonly used:

• Expressed in grams per square meter (g/m²), paper density is also known as grammage. This is the measure used in most parts of the world.
• Expressed in terms of the mass (expressed as weight) per number of sheets, it is known as basis weight. The convention used in the United States and a few other countries using US paper sizes is pounds of a ream of 500 (or in some cases 1000) sheets of a given (raw, still uncut) basis size. Japanese paper is expressed as the weight in kg of 1,000 sheets.

Coextrusion

Coextrusion is the extrusion of multiple layers of material simultaneously. This type of extrusion utilizes two or more extruders to melt and deliver a steady volumetric throughput of different viscous plastics to a single extrusion head (die) which will extrude the materials in the desired form. This technology is used on any of the processes used for plastic film manufacturing (blown film, overjacketing, tubing, sheet). The layer thicknesses are controlled by the relative speeds and sizes of the individual extruders delivering the materials.

In many real-world scenarios, a single polymer cannot meet all demands for an application. Coextrusion allows for mediation of this problem, optimizing a wide range of properties such as oxygen permeability, strength, stiffness, and wear resistance

laser scoring

Use of high-energy narrow light beam to partially cut through a material in a straight line or shaped patterns. This process is used to provide an easy-opening feature to various types of flexible packaging materials.  

Diatomaceous Earth

A substance consisting of the skeletons of billions of microscopic plankton, containing a high amount of silicon. A common paper filler, also used in ceramics, glazes and dynamite.

Alkyd plastics

Plastics based on resins composed principally of polymeric esters, in which the recurring ester groups are an integral part of the main polymer chain, and in which ester groups occur in most crosslinks that may be present between chains.

Backing Liner

The compressible paper material, usually pulp or newsboard to which the facing liner is attached or adhered. This compressible paper material compensates for any irregularities on the sealing surface.

Edible Packaging

The packaging is made of an edible component which is a thin continuous layer of edible material formed on / placed on or between the food and food components. This packaging is an integral part of the eaten and can be eaten as a part of the whole food product. This could be in form of a coating or a film

Corrugated board

Corrugated board is formed by gluing one or more sheets of fluted corrugating medium ( the wavy paper in the middle) to one or more flat facing linerboard. Common types corrugated boards are: Single Face, Single wall, Double wall etc.

Hickey

A donut shaped imperfection in occurred while printing on substrate caused by paper particles that get stuck to the blanket cylinder of an offset press.

Ghosting

Ghosting, is a defect in printing , can be described as a faint image, which is repeated from another part of the design and appears in an area where it is not intended to be.

Definition of &#039Consumer Packaged Goods-CPG&#039

A type of good that is consumed every day by the average consumer. The goods that comprise this category are ones that need to be replaced frequently, compared to those that are usable for extended periods of time.

Cost and Freight (C&F)

Term of sale signifying that the price invoiced or quoted by a seller for a shipment does not include insurance charges, but includes all expenses up to a named port of destination. In comparison, carriage paid to (CPT) terms include all transport charges (but not insurance) up to a named place (usually the buyer&#039s warehouse) of destination. See also cost, insurance, freight (CIF).

Bioprinting

Bioprinting is the process of generating spatially-controlled cell patterns using 3D printing technologies, where cell function and viability are preserved within the printed construct.

Gas transmission rate (GTR)

The quantity of a given gas passing through a unit area of the parallel surfaces of a film, sheet, or laminate in a given time under the test conditions. Test conditions may vary and must always be stated.

NFC - Near Field Communication

NFC involves an initiator and a target; the initiator actively generates an radio frequency (RF) field that can power a passive target, an unpowered chip called a "tag". This enables NFC targets to take very simple form factors such as tags, stickers, key fobs, or cards that do not require batteries. NFC technology for packaging is a recent advancement and is currently being used for some applications. Ex - labels in pharma industry.

Aclar

Trade name for a polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) polymer. The polymer has outstanding moisture and excellent oxygen barrier properties, as well as being clear, rigid, and relatively easy to thermoform. Its main packaging application is for pharmaceutical blister packages.

CTFE

chlorotrifluoroethylene Aclar

Freight on board (FOB)

The term used to signify that the seller is required to bear all costs required to place the goods aboard equipment of the transporting carrier. The stated FOB point is usually the location where title to the goods passes to the buyer. The buyer is liable for all charges and risks after passing of title.

Caliper

The thickness as related to paperboard, of a sheet measured under specified procedures expressed in thousandths of an inch. Thousands of an inch are sometimes termed ‘‘points.’’ The precision instrument used in the paperboard industry to measure thickness. To measure with a caliper.

Pictorial Marks for Safe handling of good

These markings assist in the handling of package in a country or region where citizens speak different language. These has been decided by ISO and ASTM standards.

Elemendorf test

A test for measuring the tearing resistance of paper, paperboard, tape, and other sheet materials

Test details and other parameters are available in standard - ASTM D1424 - 09(2013)

Photo Polymer

A polymer whose properties changed on exposure to natural light.

Automation

A technique of making industrial machinery, a process, or a system operate in an independent or self-controlling manner. This is the generic definition of automation. With regard to packaging, this definition should be adjusted to reflect the objectives of packaging, as follows: Automation is controlling the packaging line by using the optimum technique to cause the process to operate at a steady state pace in a self-controlling manner. Note that these definitions say nothing about eliminating labor or guaranteeing profitability, but they both imply that automation will optimize labor and give the potential of profitability.

Lenticular printing

This is a technology in which lenticular lenses (a technology that is also used for 3D displays) are used to produce printed images with an illusion of depth, or the ability to change or move as the image is viewed from different angles.

Examples of lenticular printing include flip and animation effects such as winking eyes, and modern advertising graphics that change their message depending on the viewing angle

Nanography™

The new Nanography™ technology enables high-speed digital printing with B1 (41 in. / 1,050 mm) format media on all forms of substrates, including untreated paper, films or plastic. Nanography™ fills a productivity gap that separates offset and digital printing by allowing printers to produce short-to-medium run lengths more cost-effectively. a printing ink using the nanopigments, called NanoInk and an offset digital printing process called Nanography.

3D Printing

3D printing or additive manufacturing (AM) is the use of one of various processes to make a three-dimensional object. In 3D printing, primarily additive processes are used, in which successive layers of material are laid down under computer control. These objects can be of almost any shape or geometry, and are produced from a 3D model or other electronic data source. A 3D printer is a type of an industrial robot.

In-Mold Labels

In-mold labels are printed on paper or synthetic papers made of polyethylene (PE) or biaxially oriented plolypropylene (BoPP). They are introduced into the container producing mold before the molten resin is added. The heat of the resin fuses the heat seal layer of the label to the container, combining label and container to create a sleek, seamless no-label look, as if the graphics were screened directly on the container.

Vacuum Packaged Product

These products are in a tightly sealed packaging where air has been  “vacuumed out.” The removal of oxygen-rich air  extends shelf life.

Data Matrix

Data Matrix is a two-dimensional matrix symbology that is made up of nominally square modules arranged within a perimeter finder pattern. Each Data Matrix symbol consists of data regions that contain nominally square modules set out in a regular array, which take the form of a two-dimensional graphic that is decoded in its entirety and not row by row.

Linear or 1D barcodes

Linear codes are those in which characters are grouped, one next to another, in one linear direction. Simply put a single row of parallel bars and spaces. While linear bar codes are two dimensional, having  both width and height, they are one dimensional in scanning. Only the widths of bars (and sometimes spaces) are measured to interpret the symbol. The height of the code is simply redundancy to enable  scanners to more easily scan the symbol. These are most commonly known as "bar" codes. These  include UPC, Code 39, Codabar, Code 128, Interleaved 2 of 5, and 2 of 5 code.

Epedigree

An epedigree (sometimes referred to as e-pedigree or electronic pedigree) is an electronic document which provides data on the history of a particular batch of a drug. It satisfies the requirement for a &#039drug pedigree&#039 while using a convenient electronic form.

Vials

A vial (also known as a phial or flacon) is a small glass or plastic vessel or bottle, often used to store medication as liquids, powders orcapsules.

Tamper Evident Technology

Tamper -Evident describes a device or process that makes unauthorized access to the protected object easily detected. To make a pack tamper evident various processes are being used. Solutions may involve all phases of product&#39s production, distribution, logistics, sale, and use. No single solution can be considered as "tamper proof". Often multiple levels of security need to be addressed to reduce the risk of tampering. It could happen through packaging, seals and closures, master-batch, labeling and so on

Label

Any display of written, printed, or graphic matter on the container of any consumer commodity, affixed to any package containing a consumer commodity. Labels can be affixed to almost anything to indicate its contents, nature, ownership, or destination. 

Anchorage

A term for how well a coating sticks to the substrate. Poor anchorage can cause coating to easily rub off the substrate

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Vacuum Packaging

It is a method of packaging that removes air from the package prior to sealing. This method involves (manually or automatically) placing items in a plastic film package, removing air from inside, and sealing the package. Shrink films are sometimes used to have a tight fit to the contents. The intent of vacuum packaging is usually to remove oxygen from the container to extend the shelf life of foods and, with flexible package forms, to reduce the volume of the contents and package.

Skin Packaging

Skin packaging involves placing a product on a substrate material such as paperboard or corrugated board.When the film is heated to the proper softening temperature, it is draped over the product and the substrate material and a vacuum draws the film down and around the product and into the pores of the board to make a secure and attractive-looking package.

LUG

A type of thread configuration in which thread segments are disposed equidistantly around a bottle neck (finish). The matching closure has matching portions that engage each of the thread segments.

Lap seal

Lap seals  are made when two layers of substrate overlap, forming a bond with no material standing out from the package.

Fin Seal

Fin seals are created when the inside edges of the substrate are bonded, leaving the seam standing out from the package, such as on potato chip bags.

Deaerator

A deaerator is a device that is widely used for the removal of oxygen and other dissolved gases.The air is removed to prevent undesirable oxidative reactions of product. The Deaerator generally consists of a vessel in which the product is exposed to a vacuum on a continuous flow.

Snap-On-Cap

A type of closure for rigid containers. The sealing action of a snap-on cap is effected by a gasket in the top of the cap that is held to the neck or spout of the container by means of a friction fit on a circumferential bead. Material of construction is either metal or semirigid plastic. This is widely used in personal care, hair care, pharma, cosmetics and other versatile sectors

Deflashing

Any technique or method which removes excess material (flash) from a molded article, specifically from those places where parting lines of the mold may have caused the excess material to form.

Drop test

A test for measuring the properties of a container by subjecting the packaged product to a free fall from predetermined heights onto a surface with prescribed characteristics.

Aseptic Packaging

Aseptic packaging can be defined as the filling of a commercially sterile product into a sterile container under aseptic conditions and hermetically sealing the containers so that reinfection is prevented.

Blister Pack

Blister packs consisted of a thermoformed plastic tray with a lidding material made from plastic, paper, foil or a combination of these, with the product being removed either by pushing through the lid or via a peelable lidding.

Blowup Ratio

Blow-up ratio or BUR is a term unique to the blown film industry. It is the ratio of the diameter of the blown bubble to the diameter of the die .

Anilox Roller

An ink roller used to control the amount of ink transferred onto substrate during line screen printing. Anilox rollers are often referred by the number of lines, or divots, on the roll. Higher line counts mean smaller divots, which transfer less ink onto the substrate.

Gelometer

It is an Instrument used to measure the time required for a fluid to gel. Also, instrument used to determine the firmness of a gel.

At loggerheads

At loggerheads: People &#039at loggerheads&#039 with each other are in a state of agreement. A &#039logger&#039 is the name given to the heavy wooden block once used to hobble horses to prevent them from straying. As an extension of this a &#039loggerhead&#039 equates to a &#039blockhead&#039 and perhaps to be &#039at loggerheads&#039 with someone was seen by others as being locked in a state in which neither would give way and both parties were mindlessly obstinate.

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Heat sealer

A heat sealer is a machine used to seal products, packaging, and other thermoplastic materials using heat. This can be with uniform thermoplastic monolayers or with materials having several layers, at least one being thermoplastic. Heat sealing can join two similar materials together or can join dissimilar materials, one of which has a thermoplastic layer.

Spectrophotometer

An instrument that measures transmission or apparent reflectance of visible light as a function of wavelength, permitting accurate analysis of color or accurate comparison of luminous intensities of two sources of specific wavelengths.

Child Resistant Packaging

Child-resistant (CR) packaging, a term synonymous with poison-prevention packaging (PPP) and special packaging (SP), is defined as ‘‘packaging that is designed or constructed to be significantly difficult for children under 5 years of age to open or obtain a toxic or harmful amount of the substance contained therein within a reasonable time and not difficult for normal adults to use properly’’. This can include hazardous substances such as drugs, household cleaning agents, and pesticides. Packaging of this nature may take a number of forms, including bottles, drums, pouches, and blister packs.

Gunny Sack

Bags from India and other parts of Asia made from jute. Name derived from the Indian (Hindi) words,"gunny", meaning sack.

Barrels

A barrel, or cask, is a cylindrical vessel of wood that is flat at the bottom and top, with a slightly bulging middle. The three primary parts of a barrel are heads (bottom and top), staves (sides), and hoops (rings that bind the heads and staves together).

Silk Screen Printing

Mostly used for printing irregularly shaped packages, such as glass or plastic bottles. Applied a thick coating of ink through a stencilled mesh screen.

Apple of his eye

In Biblical times the pupil was thought to be a round solid ball like an appl, sitting in the centre of the eye. From that, its figurative mening developed to cover anything deemed to be precious and worthy of careful protection.

Embossing

Producing impressed designs on the surface of paper for example by the use of special dies or rollers.

Doctor Blade

A stationary blade which regulates the amount of ink or coating to be applied to a web of material or surface by scraping off the excess. A doctor roll is a roller mechanism revolving in the opposite direction to the flow of the web which provides wiping action which controls the thickness and thus amount of coating applied.

Bursting Strength

Bursting strength is a test conducted on paper or paperboard to test for its strength or resistance to rupture. It can be measured as the maximum hydro-static pressure needed to burst/ rupture a paper sample by constantly increasing the pressure applied uniformly across its side through a rubber diaphragm of specific dimensions. The strength of material in pounds per square inch, measured by the Cady or Mullen tester.

Blanching

It is the process of heating the product (direct contact with hot water or live steam) before packaging. It softens the tissues, eliminates air from the tissues, destroys enzymes, and washes away raw flavors.

Composite Cans

Cans made from paperboard (cardboard). A variety of barrier materials and fittings enable composite cans to be used for packaging food, powdered beverages, wine, spirits and perfume.

Deceptive Package

A container which is designed to contain less product or different product than its appearance would indicate. Such Packaging is against the law in most countries.

Decalcomania

The process of transferring a printed design from specially prepared paper to another surface and permanently affixing it there to using heat and/or solvents.

COF - Coefficient of Friction

It is defines as a unitless number that represents the resistance to sliding of two surfaces in contact with each other. These values should be between 0 and 1. Higher values indicate more resistance to sliding It is important in ensuring materials pass through machines smoothly. Often important in Form Fill and Seal machines, where material not traveling properly can indicate a lack of maintenance on the machine. Ex of importance in flexible packaging - Based on COF values, slip additives are used while manufacturing flexible films. COF < 0.25 is considered LOW COF, HIGH-SLIP additive used COF > 0.45 indicates HIGH COF, LOW / NON-SLIP additive used

Pressure Sensitive Label

A pressure sensitive label is a material which has an adhesive glue on the backing. When pressure is applied it will adhere to most surfaces.

Double Wall

Double Wall A Combination of two flute sizes, usually &#039B&#039 and &#039C&#039, is specified when compression strength is more important than storage and robustness.

Edge Crush Test

ECT measures the ability of a small vertically placed sample of corrugated board to withstand the compression in the plane of the board. This indicates rigidity of the corrugated board and compression strength of the box made from this board. There is also a relation between ECT and CS i.e. BCT = ECT x 5.87 x {square root of (perimeter of box x thickness of board)} where BCT is in Kilo Newton (KN) ECT is in KN/m

Collapsible Tubes

A cylindrical container with an integral shoulder and neck, provide with an opening and fitted with a closure, usually a screw cap. The tube may be made up of metal, plastics or combinations thereof.

Chime

The Projecting rim around the ends of a metal or composite package where they are joined to the body.

Black plate

The low-carbon steel base for tin mill products, which has been reduced to proper thickness, annealed and temper rolled, and is ready for processing into finished tinplate products or coating with organic finishes. Sometimes called Can Making Quality plate, or simply C.M.Q.

Anti-Static Agent

An anti-static agent is a compound used for treatment of materials or their surfaces in order to reduce or eliminate build-up of static electricity. Its role is to make the surface or the material itself slightly conductive, either by being conductive itself, or by absorbing moisture from the air, Anti-static agents are incorporated in Plastics largely to avoid the negative effects of electricity charge (e.g. Attraction of dust, static discharge, splashing of printing inks etc.)

Desiccant

A dehydrating agent. A material which will absorb moisture by physical or chemical means.

Anti-counterfeiting Packaging

Packaging that includes different techniques may be overt/covert/ forensic to prevent the imitation of the product so that integrity of the product is preserved. The features include barcodes, holograms, sealing tapes, and radio frequency identification devices etc.

Carboy

A container usually made of glass, but which can also be made of metal, ceramic, stoneware or plastic. when used as a shipping container,it is encased in a protective outer container made of wood or wicker with a lining of straw or more sophisticated cushioning materials.

Breathing Package

A package designed so that air may enter or leave under varying conditions, such as temperature changes.

Annealing (Section of the Machine Direction Orientation)

The annealing is one of the most important stages within the Machine Direction Orientation for controlling film properties. In this section, the film is stabilized at a specific temperature to provide a film with a desired balance of properties. Annealing is generally done near the orientation temperatures. The equipment must be properly designed to allow for adequate time to properly anneal the film prior to the cooling section, and it is typically done with several large-diameter rolls. If annealing is Inadequate then that can result in films with higher shrink values at a given temperature, lower gloss, and higher haze values.

Computer-to-plate (CTP)

Design image can be transferred electronically from the designer’s computer work station to a printing plate.

All ship-shape and Bristol fashion

In the days of sail when Bristol was one of the largest ports in England, it had a reputation for efficiency. That has been passed down in this popular turn of phrase which describes being totally prepared and ready for an undertaking, just as a well-organized ship would be prior to setting out on a voyage.

Kraft

Originally 100% pure wood pulp now may contain some recycled fibre. It may be white or brown depending on the treatment.

Abrasion resistance

 Abrasion resistance is a property which allows a material to resist wear. By the virtue of this the material can withstand the effects of repeated rubbing, scuffing and scratching.   In Packaging  ASTM D5264 - 98(2011) is the test method used as “Standard Practice for Abrasion Resistance of Printed Materials by the Sutherland Rub Tester”.

Atomizer & Atomization

A manual device for dispensing liquids as a fine spray or mist  and Atomization is making of an aerosol , which is a colloid suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in a gas.

Bale

1- A shaped unit load bound under tension. 2- In the paper trade, a bale normally consists of a number of reams stacked on a timber base board of the same size and with a similar board protecting the top.

Barrier Material

A material designed to withstand, to a specified degree, the penetration of water,oils,greases,water vapour and gases. The Material may serve to exclude or retain the elements outside or within the package.

PETG

Polyethylene terephthalate G copolymer. Similar to engineering resins due to its strength and durability. However, its glass-like clarity, toughness and excellent gas-barrier properties make it an outstanding choice for storing biologicals. Tests have shown PETG to be biologically equivalent to, or better than, Type 1 borosilicate glass bottles for cell culture applications. In tests using a wide variety of cell lines, PETG was determined to be non-cytotoxic, and media stored in PETG bottles demonstrated proliferative and morphological characteristics comparable to control media. In fact, PETG bottles allowed growth of good monolayers directly on the surface of the bottle. PETG can be sterilized with radiation or compatible chemicals but cannot be autoclaved. Chemical resistance is fair.

Fin Seal

Type of seal resulting from binding together the edges of sheet, usually by heat resulting in a fin-like joint. These seals are created when the inside edges of the substrate are bonded, leaving the seam standing out from the package. Example - Potato chips pack

Unit Dose Packaging

A package which contains one discrete dosage form, i.e., one tablet, one capsule, one 2 ml quantity of liquid, etc. A unit package consists of the unit quantity, protective wrapping, cushioning, and identification marking, up to but not including the shipping container. Single dose unit packaging is used for foods, drugs, cosmetics, medical devices and some industrial products.

Acrylic Plastic

Acrylic plastics is defined as a family of synthetic or manmade plastic materials containing one or more derivatives of acrylic acid. The most commonly used derivative is poly(methyl methacrylate). Polymers based on acrylic monomers are useful in packaging as a basis for printing inks and adhesives and as modifiers for rigid PVC products.

Hot Melt

An adhesive or coating based on thermoplastic polymer, generally modified with resins and waxes. This is solid at room temperature but when heated at time of application it turns into fluid and then normally quick setting as it cools

Boilable Pouch (boil-in-bag)

A hermetically sealed pouch containing processed food which can be placed in boiling water. The pouch will remain intact during sustained boiling.

Blank

1- In closures, the basic cap before forming or threading. 2- In metal cans, the flat piece cut to size before forming into a body or end. 3- In paperboard, the cut and scored section before erecting and gluing to form a box, tray or lid.

Bar Code

A numerical identification symbol, whose value is encoded in a sequence of highly constrasted rectangular bars and spaces. The relative width of these bars and spaces contain the information. Identification is by visual or electronic means.

Bag-In-Box

A container for liquids consisting of an inner protective bag supported by outer box. A valve is often built into the bag for dispensing the product.

Adhesive

Adhesive is a non-metallic material which is able to join two substrates using adhesion mechanisms (developed between the adhesive and substrate) and cohesive mechanism (developed within the adhesive itself).

Crash Lock (glued)

A style that enables the base of the case to be locked together without the use of tape, and can also be adapted by incorporating a glued section that will allow for speedy assembly.

Agog

Agog: to be &#039agog&#039 is to be in a state of eager anticipation of a forthcoming development and draws its inspiration from the Old French expression en gogues which meant &#039mirthful&#039

White Room

A filling or compounding room where extreme measures are taken to assure product cleanliness. Also called clean room.

Air Ejection System

In case of Injection Molding process, when Molten thermoplastic resin cooled, shrinks onto the ‘‘core’’ of the mold and requires some force to eject it. Then ejection is done by two processes: (a) via an air blast originating from the mold itself or (b) Air blast in combination with mechanical ejector rods. Packaging applications produce ultra-thin parts. The part could deform if only mechanical ejection is  used. Most thin-walled parts take advantage of the mold air eject feature to break the vacuum created between the part and the metal surface of the core.

Eye-mark

These small, black lines are usually made on the edge of the substrate, repeating throughout the length of the roll precisely in the same spot in relation to the printed design. Eyemarks are detected by a photocell on the machine, to indicate when a task is required. Eyemark placement must be consistent for processing machines to produce the best results. Eye-mark (or registration mark): where some step in the overall manufacturing process requires a machine to process a single holographic image, an eye mark (or registration mark) is invariably place next to each image. Examples of such processes are e.g where an automated die cutter must cut an individual image and convert it into a label. Another example might be where a roll of registered image holograms on a roll of hot stamping foil must have the discrete images stamped onto something. In each case, the cutting or stamping machine will advance the image until the next registration mark is optically detected and then the image is either cut or stamped. These marks are usually square in shape and consist of a diffraction grating allowing the mark to be detected at a specific angle.

Aclar

Aclar is a trade name (Honeywell) for film made from Aclon, a modified PCTFE (polychlorotrifluoroethylene) fluoropolymer that contains greater than 95 wt% chlorotrifluoroethylene . It is converted to film by melt extrusion. It is a difficult thermoplastic to extrude because it has a very high melt viscosity and a low, critical, shear rate for melt fracture. Aclar film is used in military, pharmaceutical, electrical/ electronic, and aircraft/aerospace component applications. The major commercial applications are in packaging moisture-sensitive drugs.

Air Conveying

The air conveying system use air as the transport medium. In this system containers are moved using a high volume of low-pressure air to transport the product along the conveyor path. . The air conveyor is faster, easier, cleaner, and safer than compared to the belt, cable, and chain conveyors. Because of the back pressure created on chain conveyors, the lightweight packages and plastic bottles got crushed and marred—but with the advent of the air conveyor, those problems were no longer of great concern.

Headspace

Space between the level of the contents of a container and the closure. Headspace is required to allow for expansion of a product due to heat or pressure, and to allow the container to be grasped without spilling the contents.

Tampo Printing

A printing process whereby the ink from an etched printing plate to any kind of surface is transferred using a silicone rubber pad. The main advantage of this method of printing is its ability to print on virtually any kind of irregular surface. It is used to print plastics, metals and ceramics.

Active Packaging

Packaging is described as active when it performs some desired role beyond the inert passive containment and protection of the product. This packaging system is having active functions. The active components in packaging can exist either as part of an otherwise unmodified package or as an elaborate adjunct or design modification. For example: insertion of sachets of various scavengers or emitters, plastics blends or compounds, composite packages of various forms.  Recently Nanotechnology is playing a great role in this Active Packaging.

Functional benchmarking

Which can be comparison of functional processes or manufacturing technique relating to product development, packaging line design, machinery setup, packaging line control and logistics of inputs in  and packaging out. Utilization when setup correctly can be a form of functional benchmarking

Air Knife Coater

A device that applies an excess coating to the paper and then removes the surplus by directing a flat jet of air upon the fluid coating leaving a smooth metered film on the film.

Pantone Matching System

A series of standard colors commonly used by package designers and manufacturers. These are published by Pantone, Inc. Communication of specified colors can be made with a code number on a tear-away chip taken from the book.

Acid Test

The &#039acid test&#039 is the process that proves something beyond doubt  and the expression comes from the test used to confirm whether or not a metal is gold. For gold is not effected by the majority of acids. The one that it is certain to react with is a mixture of concentrated nitric and hydrochloric acid. In medieval alchemy this was given the Latin name Aqua Regia, meaning &#039royal water&#039 , because it dissolved the king of metals.

Aseptic Filling

The filling of commercially sterilized cooled product into pre-sterilized containers, followed by aseptic hermetical sealing, with a pre-sterilized closure, in an atmosphere free from micro-organisms

ESCR

Environmental stress crack resistance. A measure of the susceptibility of a plastic bottle to crack or craze under the influence of certain chemicals, stresses, or other agents.

Ampoule

A small container made from glass or plastic, the end(s) of which is drawn into a stem and closed by fusion. The stem end is broken off to open the ampoule.

Impregnated Paper

A paper or paperboard partially or fully saturated with wax, resins or other protective or performance enhancing substances

COC Cert.of Compliance

Certificate of Compliance A document signed by an authorized party affirming that the supplier of a product or service has met the requirements of the relevant specifications, contract or regulation

Hot Stamping

A decorating operation by which a design is transferred from a toll of thin aluminum foil to a surface by means of impressing it with heated metal dies.

Asset Utilization

It is  potential time ( Fraction of time of a 24-h day, 7 days a week) , that is actually used in producing quality packages until the package run cycle is completed (package run cycle start point to the next package run cycle start point). If the package run cycle (start to next start) takes exactly 3 days, then the total asset utilization time is 243 = 72 h, even though only one shift per day may be used.

Supercalender

Stack of alternate metal and soft rubber rolls between which a paper undergoing processing is passed. Used to increase smoothness and gloss of paper and to control caliper.

Tamper Evident/resistant closure

A sealed closing device for a package that can&#039t be opened without showing evidence of opening and so it resistant to tampering. May take the form of a tape, overwrap, detachable ring, sealed diagram, etc.In Correctly called "tamper proof" such as seals can&#039t guarantee the avoidance of tampering.

Holography

(1) An advanced form of photography that allows an image to be recorded in three dimensions. Invented in 1948, the science of holography did not advance much until the 1960s, when the laser was introduced. In packaging, holograms are used for two purposes: promotion and security, with brand enhancement making up an estimated 90 percent of the market, according to Brad Long, business development manager, Brand Protection, for Kurz. (2) The method of producing a three dimensional image in foil or film utilizing interference patterns from a split laser beam.

Excelsior

Shredded wood used for cushioning.

Electrostatic Printing

Ink, in atomized or powered form, is electrically charged in varying degrees according to the density of the image and is there by attracted to and deposited on the surface.  it is also called Xerography.

Auger Filler

A filling machine equipped with a large spiral screw to push products which do not flow freely(granular solids, powders discrete articles).

Halftone

The printed reproduction of a photograph, painting or other art subject whose varying tone values are derived from different sized, closely spaced dots of ink transferred from engravings, plates or cylinders into which the original image has been made photographically through a fine mesh screen pattern. Such reproductions are generally made in conjunction with letterpress, offset and gravure printing, and to a lesser extent flexography

Release Force

The measure of the force required to separate a unit width of pressure sensitive tape from a release coated surface at a controlled angle and speed.

Bobbins

Also referred to as spools. It is where a material, such as film is wound laterally across the width of a core or bobbin, as well as around it. A well-known example of this is sewing machine thread. This process enables the converter to put extremely long lengths of custom slit material on one roll which means less roll changes and cost savings on a manufacturing line.

Aseptic processing and packaging

The filling of a commercially sterilized cooled product into presterilized containers, followed by aseptic hermetical sealing, with a presterilized closure, under sterile condition(an atmosphere free of microorganisms). As long as the package remain sealed, the product has an extended shelf-life without being refrigerated.

Repeat Motif Printing

A continuous repetition of a printed design on a packaging material or label, so as to eliminate the need for registration of the print with the package dimensions on the packaging machine (also called repeat design).

Honeycomb Board

A board with its core structure consisting of a mesh or web with multiple cavities laminated perpendicular - at right angles - to the facing. This come in different thicknesses. The same is used as a cushioning material and filler.

Aerosol & Aerosol container

Dispersion or suspension of extremely fine particles of liquid or solid in a gaseous medium, which form a colloidal suspension is called Aerosol. Aerosol container is a container which uses basic principle of Aerosol. It is a gas-tight container equipped with a valve which is designed to hold the product and the propellant gas under pressure. When the valve is opened, generally by finger pressure, the product is dispensed. Aerosol products include wet sprays, foams, pastes, syrups and powder.

Blown Up ratio

The ratio of the diameter of the blown bubble to the diameter of the die is called the blowup ratio.