once bacteria gain a foothold in a human body, they like to form colonies, called biofilms. invasive and implantable medical devices are prime real estate for these colonies that cause infections and lifethreatening conditions. researchers at the wyss institute for biologically inspired engineering boston have developed polymers that store considerable amounts of lubricating liquids within their molecular structure and release them over time to render the material continuously slippery and repellant to bacteria. an experiment using a solid silicone polymer that is typically used in medical tubing infused with a silicone oil is described in acs biomaterials science & engineering. the solid silicone tubing is saturated with silicone oil, soaking it up into all of the tiny spaces in its molecular structure, so that the two materials really become integrated into one," says caitlin howell, a coauthor of the article. in addition to imparting a nonwelcoming surface to bacteria, the saturation process produces a liquidinfused polymer that is sufficiently robust to withstand conventional sterilization methods.in the test described in the article, the researchers exposed treated and untreated medical tubing to pseudomonas aeruginosa, e. coli and staphylococcus epidermis, which frequently form biofilms and cause urinary, tissue and blood infections. the experiment confirmed that the liquidinfused polymer tubing greatly reduced bacterial adhesion and largely eliminated biofilm formation, according to the researchers. preventing biofilm formation on medical devices has become critically important, as the bacteria are extremely difficult to dislodge once they have settled in and are increasingly resistant to antibiotics. "with widespread antibiotic resistance cropping up in many strains of infectioncausing bacteria, developing outofthebox strategies to protect patients from bacterial biofilms has become a critical focus area for clinical researchers," says wyss institute founding director donald ingber, m.d., phd, in a news release from wyss. "liquidinfused polymers could be used to prevent biofilms from ever taking hold, potentially reducing rates of infection and, therefore, reducing dependence on antibiotic use."an invention prevents contamination of food packaging by bacterial biofilm. developed by a graduate student at the hebrew university of jerusalem uses a novel packaging system to disrupt those bacteria, as per phys.org. bacterial biofilms are an everincreasing problem in the food industry, especially for fresh produce. the student, michael brandwein, is a researcher under the supervision of prof. doron steinberg from the biofilm research laboratory of the hebrew university&39s dental faculty. it was recently discovered that bacteria actually talk to one another, in a process called quorum sensing. this crosstalk is one of the factors that regulate biofilm formation. when certain molecules detect a sufficiently high cell density, they activate a cascade of genetic processes that leads to the bacteria&39s adhesion. controlling the production or integration of these molecules can prevent the bacteria from coordinating to create a biofilm. along those lines, brandwein has incorporated a novel molecule called tzd, into antibiofilm food packaging. in lab test, the molecule successfully interfered with biofilm formation by bacteria and fungi. it has also been tested successfully to prevent biofilms in recycled water systems. the research has focused specifically on corrugated cardboard boxes, and the technology has now been successfully incorporated into industryspecific acrylic polymers, meant to coat the corrugated cardboard used in the fresh produce. 
